Table 1.   Some common Pb minerals and their chemical formulas

Major Group

Chemical Formula

Comments

Oxides

  Plattnerite

PbO₂

Rare in nature, common in DS

  Minimum

PbOPbO₂

Rare in DS

  Litharge

PbO (tetragonal)

Common in nature and DS

  Massicot

PbO (orthorhombic)

Rare in DS

Carbonates

  Cerussite¹

PbCO₃

Common in nature and DS

  Hydrocerussite¹

Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Common in nature and DS

Plumbonacrite

Pb₁₀O(CO₃)₆(OH)₆

Very rare in nature,

sometimes seen in DS

Phosphates-Vanadates

  Hydroxypyromorphite

Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH

Common in nature and DS

  Chloropyromorphite

Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl

Common in nature and DS

Fluoropyromorphite

Pb₅(PO₄)₃F

Rare in nature,

sometimes seen in DS with fluoridation

Apatite

Ca₅(PO₄)₃X (X = OH, Cl, or F)

Very common in nature,

may occur in DS as Pb-substituted apatite

Vanadinite

Pb₅(VO₄)₃X (X = OH, Cl, or F).

As can substitute for V

Rare in nature,

sometimes seen in DS using

elevated pH for corrosion control

Sulfates

  Anglesite

PbSO₄

Common in nature, rare in DS

Leadhillite

Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ (monoclinic)

Rare in nature,

sometimes found in DS

Susannite

Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ (trigonal)

Forms from Leadhillite on heating.

More common in hotter climates?

Lanarkite

PbOPb(SO₄)

Rare in nature.

Not reported so far in DS

¹misspelled cerrusite and hydrocerrusite in the PHREEQC databases