Kalahari Mn Field - Mamatwan carbonate ore

For additions or corrections to the data for this deposit please contact webmaster

Location - South Africa

Age (of portore) - 2250 Ma

Original size - 2550 million tonnes of Mn

References

Gutzmer, J., 1996, Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Schneiderhan, E.A., Gutzmer, J., Strauss, H., Mexger, K., and Beukes, N.J., 2006, The chemostratigraphy of a Paleoproterozoic MnF- BIF succession – the Voëlwater Subgroup of the Transvaal Supergroup in Griqualand West, South Africa: South African Journal of Geology, v. 109, p. 63-80.

Liu, T-B., Maynard, J.B., and Alten, J., 2006, Superheavy S isotopes from glacier-associated sediments of the Neoproterozoic of south China: Oceanic anoxia or sulfate limitation?, in Kesler, S.E., and Ohmoto, H., eds., Evolution of Early Earth's Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere--Constraints from Ore Deposits: Boulder CO, Geological Society of America, Memoir 198, p. 205-222.

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent

 

 

 

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

MnO

Fe2O3tot

SiO2

Al2O3

CaO

MgO

K2O

Na2O

TiO2

P2O5

LOI

avg Mn carb
36.8
9.47
4.62
0.14
18.8
3.41
0.05
0.10
0.03
0.01
21.6
MMT-109 unaltered ore
53.6
3.78
0.67
0.09
17.2
1.04
0.09
0.92
0.05
0.001
19.7
SO-5104      unaltered ore
50.3
5.57
4.90
0.11
14.7
2.43
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.03
15.3
REX44-27 unaltered ore
48.0
5.12
3.30
0.02
18.0
1.50
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.001
16.8
M2-47B unaltered ore
45.9
4.91
4.61
0.20
17.9
2.14
0.14
0.10
0.08
nr
20.4
REX44-26 unaltered ore
45.2
6.49
4.70
0.11
15.8
2.90
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.003
18.1
REX44-22 unaltered ore
44.8
6.17
4.87
0.02
15.3
3.50
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.006
18.9
M2-45 unaltered ore
43.9
9.77
6.19
0.20
14.6
3.20
0.10
0.10
0.06
nr
20.7
SO-5103      unaltered ore
43.4
7.05
6.25
0.25
14.1
3.91
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.03
19.6
MMT-110 unaltered ore
42.5
5.10
3.55
0.16
19.3
5.04
0.01
0.04
0.05
0.008
20.1
SO-5102      unaltered ore
42.3
4.93
3.46
0.14
20.5
3.54
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.03
20.8
REX44-23 unaltered ore
41.8
5.32
4.24
0.02
19.0
2.40
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.003
20.6
REX44-28 unaltered ore
41.1
9.98
5.16
0.02
17.7
2.30
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.006
16.7
MMT-128 unaltered ore
40.9
5.20
2.92
0.13
20.4
4.96
0.01
0.06
0.05
0.001
21.3
SO-5101      unaltered ore
40.0
6.55
5.78
0.18
18.9
2.96
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.02
20.2
REX44-13 unaltered ore
39.8
13.4
6.50
0.20
13.5
3.30
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.060
18.7
MMT-126 unaltered ore
39.4
5.04
3.60
0.36
20.2
6.23
0.01
0.17
0.05
0.001
21.8
REX44-25 unaltered ore
38.2
10.2
4.70
0.02
17.7
2.80
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.006
20.5
REX44-20 unaltered ore
37.8
13.7
6.28
0.09
1.30
4.30
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.002
18.8
REX44-21 unaltered ore
36.1
5.77
4.30
0.19
21.4
3.20
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.005
23.7
REX44-29 unaltered ore
36.0
17.4
6.33
0.03
14.1
3.60
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.001
17.4
MMT-088 unaltered ore
32.0
7.28
2.66
0.32
25.1
2.21
0.34
0.28
0.05
0.020
26.8
REX44-24 unaltered ore
31.9
7.30
3.97
0.03
22.9
3.20
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.005
24.9
MMT-087 unaltered ore
30.2
7.62
2.62
0.34
26.0
2.61
0.25
0.34
0.05
0.022
27.9
M2-49C unaltered ore
28.2
9.61
3.99
0.20
24.6
2.59
0.09
0.10
0.04
nr
23.7
M2-44 unaltered ore
27.7
7.96
4.97
0.20
24.4
4.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
nr
26.9
REX44-30 unaltered ore
26.6
24.1
13.60
0.02
6.11
6.60
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.001
18.8
REX44-19 unaltered ore
26.2
11.3
5.61
0.02
22.2
4.80
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.002
25.5
MMT-082 unaltered ore
25.2
6.61
2.01
0.30
29.3
2.31
0.16
0.34
0.05
0.018
30.2
REX44-16 unaltered ore
13.0
16.5
3.80
0.10
30.1
4.20
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.040
28.8
MMT-127 unaltered ore
11.8
34.5
3.02
0.14
22.1
4.48
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.014
23.3

 

Trace elements, ppm

 

 

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

 

As
Ba
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Mo
Nb
Ni
Pb
Rb
Sc
Sr
Th
U
V
Y
Zn
Zr
avg
na
516
na
47
17
5
na
na
45
15
2
na
356
na
na
14
6
36
8
MMT-109
2563
20
4
1
1
nr
2
2
3
283
1
nr
12
nr
0.5
1
SO-5104     
598
nr
1
1
0.5
25
2
0.1
126
0.3
0.12
2
5
99
1.8
REX44-27
150
44
nr
2.2
nr
nr
23
5.5
0.19
260
0.6
0.2
4.3
5.8
190
2.3
M2-47B
250
24
nr
1
nr
nr
25
170
1.3
110
nr
nr
nr
5.1
110
20
REX44-26
370
52
nr
18
nr
nr
20
8.4
0.9
240
0.6
0.1
4.4
5.6
40
2.4
REX44-22
581
61
nr
0.05
nr
nr
44
0.05
1.5
201
0.6
0.05
0.05
6.4
0.05
6.8
M2-45
77
30
nr
1
nr
nr
264
13
1.4
94
nr
nr
nr
5.2
18
12
SO-5103     
89.8
nr
1
1
0.5
18
2
0.1
62.5
0.4
0.23
6
5.1
159
2.5
MMT-110
242
33
18
1
1
nr
5
2
2
121
1
nr
12
nr
24
1
SO-5102     
467
nr
1
1
0.5
14
2
0.1
226
0.4
0.12
2
6
27
2.5
REX44-23
3800
50
nr
9.4
nr
nr
31
2.2
0.9
235
0.8
0.05
0.05
5.3
0.05
8.5
REX44-28
152
49
nr
4.3
nr
nr
73
2.2
1.4
248
0.6
0.05
15
6.3
0.05
3.9
MMT-128
113
38
8
1
1
nr
8
2
1
89
1
nr
11
nr
15
1
SO-5101     
286
nr
1
1
0.5
17
6
1
169
0.4
0.16
2
4.9
9
2.8
REX44-13
175
2
nr
23
nr
nr
61
0.05
0.5
30
1
2
32
7
17
0.05
MMT-126
210
35
13
1
1
nr
23
2
2
92
1
nr
20
nr
71
1
REX44-25
1100
49
nr
1.9
nr
nr
59
0.05
1.1
275
0.9
0.3
0.05
7.5
0.05
7.8
REX44-20
330
57
nr
0.05
nr
nr
64
0.05
0.6
243
1.1
0.05
0.05
6.7
0.05
7.7
REX44-21
368
48
nr
52
nr
nr
179
2.2
1.2
283
0.7
0.05
0.05
7.2
0.05
46
REX44-29
92
56
nr
7.1
nr
nr
29
10
0.84
170
0.8
0.1
5.4
6.5
20
1.4
MMT-088
1893
274
32
1
1
nr
117
2
18
3315
1
nr
160
nr
46
1
REX44-24
475
46
nr
0.05
nr
nr
51
0.05
1.2
437
0.7
0.1
0.05
8.2
0.05
4.3
MMT-087
201
43
20
1
1
nr
0.5
2
5
722
1
nr
12
nr
0.5
1
M2-49C
45
23
nr
1
nr
nr
44
190
1.7
170
nr
nr
nr
10
160
90
M2-44
53
23
nr
1
nr
nr
13
1
1.1
210
nr
nr
nr
6.5
1
2.1
REX44-30
110
69
nr
5.1
nr
nr
18
3.9
1.9
36
0.5
0.2
7.5
7.3
23
3.8
REX44-19
277
56
nr
2.1
nr
nr
83
0.05
0.7
691
0.5
0.05
13
7.8
0.05
5.8
MMT-082
78
0.5
13
1
1
nr
4
2
4
198
1
nr
16
nr
0.5
1
REX44-16
220
2
nr
12
nr
nr
37
0.05
0.5
1236
8
4
12
7
39
0.05
MMT-127
122
29
30
1
1
nr
0.5
2
2
98
1
nr
20
nr
0.5
1

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

Rare-earth elements, ppm

 

Sample
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy 
Ho 
Er 
Tm 
Yb
Lu
avg
14.0
5.8
0.7
3.3
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.6
0.1
MMT-109
SO-5104     
2.8
3.1
0.42
1.9
0.3
0.18
0.55
0.09
0.57
0.13
0.39
0.05
0.4
0.08
REX44-27
M2-47B
REX44-26
REX44-22
M2-45
SO-5103     
3.9
3.6
0.51
2.3
0.3
0.12
0.57
0.1
0.51
0.15
0.44
0.06
0.5
0.08
MMT-110
8.1
4.4
1.2
5
0.5
1.5
1.3
0.5
1.1
SO-5102     
3.5
3.5
0.52
2.4
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.1
0.63
0.16
0.49
0.06
0.5
0.07
REX44-23
REX44-28
MMT-128
70
20
0.5
2.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
SO-5101     
2.5
3
0.41
1.9
0.3
0.13
0.49
0.07
0.5
0.12
0.34
0.06
0.4
0.09
REX44-13
MMT-126
7
3.3
0.5
4.7
0.5
1.1
1.1
0.5
0.5
REX44-25
REX44-20
REX44-21
REX44-29
MMT-088
REX44-24
MMT-087
M2-49C
M2-44
REX44-30
REX44-19
MMT-082
REX44-16
MMT-127
14
5.5
1.4
5.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

Rare-earth elements,

normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)

Sample
LaN
CeN
PrN
NdN
SmN
EuN
GdN
TbN
YbN
Ce/Ce*
Eu/Eu*
LaN/YbN
avg
38.1
6.1
5.0
4.7
1.8
1.8
2.4
0.8
2.2
0.440
0.872
7.47
0.632
1.201
7.473
MMT-109
SO-5104     
7.63
3.24
3.07
2.67
1.30
2.069
1.797
1.552
1.613
0.670
1.354
4.730
REX44-27
M2-47B
REX44-26
REX44-22
M2-45
SO-5103     
10.63
3.76
3.72
3.23
1.30
1.379
1.863
1.724
2.016
0.598
0.887
5.271
MMT-110
22.07
4.60
8.76
7.03
2.16
4.902
0.000
4.435
0.331
4.976
SO-5102     
9.54
3.66
3.80
3.38
1.73
2.299
2.288
1.724
2.016
0.608
1.155
4.730
REX44-23
REX44-28
MMT-128
190.74
20.90
3.65
3.94
2.16
1.634
0.000
2.016
0.792
SO-5101     
6.81
3.13
2.99
2.67
1.30
1.494
1.601
1.207
1.613
0.694
1.036
4.223
REX44-13
MMT-126
19.07
3.45
3.65
6.61
2.16
3.595
0.000
2.016
0.413
9.460
REX44-25
REX44-20
REX44-21
REX44-29
MMT-088
REX44-24
MMT-087
M2-49C
M2-44
REX44-30
REX44-19
MMT-082
REX44-16
MMT-127
38.15
5.75
10.22
7.74
2.16
1.634
0.000
2.016
0.291
18.921

Isotopes

Sample
%S ore δ34S ore, sulfide %S host δ34S host, sulfide δ13C pdb δ18O pdb δ18O smow Stotal % Ccarb % 87Sr/86Sr  
avg        
-10.74
-13.17
17.54
.
MMT-109         -11 -13.9 16.53
SO-5104             
0.034
2.893
REX44-27         -11.53 -13.81 16.62
0.035
4.441
M2-47B        
0.705638
REX44-26         -11.51 -12.09 18.40
REX44-22         -9.44 -11.78 18.72
M2-45        
SO-5103             
MMT-110         -11 -14 16.43
0.038
5.170
SO-5102             
0.002
5.485
REX44-23         -9.97 -13.08 17.38
0.047
6.240
REX44-28         -10.75 -13.52 16.92
0.704872
MMT-128         -11.4 -13.7 16.74
SO-5101             
0.008
5.785
REX44-13         -9.26 -7.73 22.89
0.043
5.824
MMT-126         -11.3 -13.6 16.84
0.020
0.70426
REX44-25         -10.46 12.68 43.93
0.028
5.949
REX44-20         -8.92 -12.3 18.18
REX44-21         -9.59 -12.43 18.05
0.703705
REX44-29         -13.31 -8.83 21.76
MMT-088         -8.3 -12.4 18.08
REX44-24         -6.84 -12.84 17.62
0.005
6.604
MMT-087         -8.4 -11.8 18.70
M2-49C        
0.007
6.850
M2-44        
REX44-30         -14.43 -7.26 23.38
REX44-19         -7.98 -13.28 17.17
MMT-082         -8.1 -12.8 17.67
REX44-16         -6.85 -14.14 16.28
0.007
7.696
MMT-127         -10.5 -13.7 16.74
0.020
0.702842