Buckeye - Ladd - Thomas

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Location - California, USA

Age (of protore) - 145 Ma

Original size - <0.1 million tonnes of Mn

References

Hein, J.R., and Koski, R.A., 1987, Bacterially-mediated diagenetic origin for chert-hosted manganese deposits in the Franciscan Complex, California Coast Ranges: Geology, v.15, p. 722-726.

Hein, J.R., Koski, R.A., and Yeh, H-W., 1987, Chert-hosted manganese deposits in sedimentary sequences of the Franciscan Complex, Diablo Range, California, in Hein, J.R., ed., Siliceous Sedimentary Rock-Hosted Ores and Petroleum: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 206-230.

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent

 

 

 

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%
MnO
Fe2O3t
SiO2
Al203
CaO
MgO
K2O
Na2O
TiO2
P205
LOI
 

 

Average high Mn

 
44.2
1.7
32.3
2.3
1.8
2.5
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.2
14.5
Avg by lithology
Oxide Ore
  49.5 2.3 28.9 3.02 1.35 2.21 0.26 0.79 0.17 0.25 11.6
  Ore 44.2 1.74 32.3 2.29 1.75 2.45 0.17 0.57 0.12 0.18 14.6
  Rhodochrostone 34.6 0.74 38.5 0.97 2.47 3.05 0.02 0.18 0.04 0.05 19.8
  Argillaceous Chert 1.29 2.54 84.7 4.22 0.25 1.37 1.04 0.6 0.23 0.05 2.2
  Siliceous Argillite 1.05 4.23 73.8 9.11 0.41 2.33 2.7 1.12 0.53 0.12 3.3
  Argillite 0.27 5.81 58.1 16 0.89 3.21 4.08 1.52 0.87 0.35 6.0
  Chert 0.21 0.67 94.4 1.71 0.12 0.59 0.34 0.28 0.07 0.05 0.7

 

Trace elements, ppm

 

 

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

 
As
Ba
 Cs
Co
Cr
Cu
 Hf
Nb
Ni
Rb
Sc
Sb
Sr
Th
U
V
Y
Zn
Zr
Red chert     0.99       0.5     21 2.5 0.33   1.2 0.22       17
Black Mn-oxide ore     0.04       0.34       3.9 11   0.82 0.98       5
Rhodochrostone     0.25       0.08     0.1 0..41 0.31   0.14 2.8       0.71
Red chert     1.2       0.54     21 2.8 0.17   1.2 0.27       21
Mn-oxide     0.63       0.48     3.2 3.3 2.7   0.93 2.6       5
Siliecous Mn-oxide ore     0.03       0.19       0.11 2.1   0.025 2.5       0.43
Green siliceous argillite     6.2       3.8     140 20 0.29   9. 6 1.4       130
Green chert     0.67       0.47     14 1.8 0.1   1.2 0.49       15
Red chert     1       0.65     20 3.6 0.39   1.6 0.22       32
Brown siliceous argillite     4       2.9     74 16 0.45   6.4 0.98       98
Mottled red-green chert     0.76       0.43     13 5.9 0.1   1.5 0.56       0. 26
Red argillite     12       4.6     170 31 1.1   10 1.9       150
Red chert     1.3       0.62     19 4 0.13   1.3 0.48       21
Gray chert     0.3       0.21     10 1.6 0.04   0.43 0.93       5
Averages                                      
Oxide Ore 72 2311   44 15 193     394       787     238 20 378  
Ore 60 1545   33 11 133     321       525     222 15 346  
Rhodochrostone 26 165   13 4 26     188       51     193 6 287  
Argillaceous Chert 240   10 22 49     36       12     82 9 37  
Siliceous Argillite 518   25 61 103     54       26     214 19 79  
Argillite 870   28 89 130     105       68     128 37 105  
Chert 214   8 11 44     22       18     20 6 25  

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

Rare-earth elements, ppm

 
Sample
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy 
Ho 
Er 
Tm 
Yb
Lu
avg La Ce   Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb       Tm Yb Lu
Red chert 4.1 7.7   2.9 0.54 0.11 0.42 0.08       0.06 0.42 0.07
Black Mn-oxide ore 3.8 11   4.4 1.1 0.27 1.1 0.18       0.09 0.62 0.11
Rhodochrostone 1.5 2.1   1.1 0.31 0.06 0.33 0.05       0.04 0.26 0.04
Red chert 4.2 6.8   2.5 0.57 0.12 0.52 0.09       0.06 0.37 0.06
Mn-oxide 8.1   4.3 1.1 0.28 1.2 0.23       0.17 1.3 0.21
Siliecous Mn-oxide ore 0.91 0.15    1 2 0.26 0.05 0.25 0.04       0.04 0.31 0.5
Green siliceous argillite 33 55   24 4.9 1 4.9 0.68       0.4 2.5 0.38
Green chert 3.88 6.9   3.6 0.82 0.15 0.75 0.12       0.08 0 47 0.07
Red chert 12 15   11 2.4 0.5 2.2 0.33     1 0.16
Brown siliceous argillite 25 43   22 4.3 0.82 3.5 0.51       0.3 1.9 0.29
Mottled red-green chert 6.8 17   9 2.1 0.47 2.1 0.31       0.16 1 0.16
Red argillite 29 64   29 5.3 1 3.4 0.63       0.47 3.1 0.49
Red chert 4.5 8.8   4.3 0.88 0.16 0.69 0.1       0.07 0.48 0.08
Gray chert 0.88 1.4   0.72 0.15 0.03 0.18 0.03       0.03 0.23 0.04

Rare-earth elements,

normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample
LaN
CeN
PrN
NdN
SmN
EuN
GdN
TbN
YbN
Ce/Ce*
Eu/Eu*
LaN/YbN

avg Mn rich

 7.221 7.384 4.743 4.594 3.622 2.337 2.865 2.644 0.403 1.030 0.689 26.936      
Red chert 11.172 8.046 5.71 4.079 2.338 1.264 1.373 1.379 0.242 1.008 0.706 46.176
Black Mn-oxide ore 10.354 11.494 7.35 6.188 4.762 3.103 3.595 3.103 0.363 1.318 0.750 28.532
Rhodochrostone 4.087 2.194 2.14 1.547 1.342 0.690 1.078 0.862 0.161 0.742 0.573 25.341
Red chert 11.444 7.106 5.21 3.516 2.468 1.379 1.699 1.552 0.242 0.920 0.674 47.302
Mn-oxide 8.464 6.048 4.762 3.218 3.922 3.966 0.685 0.745
Siliecous Mn-oxide ore 2.480 0.157 8.91 16.878 1.126 0.575 0.817 0.690 0.161 0.033 0.599 15.373
Green siliceous argillite 89.918 57.471 46.79 33.755 21.212 11.494 16.013 11.724 1.613 0.886 0.624 55.749
Green chert 10.572 7.210 6.47 5.063 3.550 1.724 2.451 2.069 0.323 0.872 0.585 32.774
Red chert 32.698 15.674 19.85 15.471 10.390 5.747 7.190 5.690 0.000 0.615 0.665
Brown siliceous argillite 68.120 44.932 40.25 30.942 18.615 9.425 11.438 8.793 1.210 0.858 0.646 56.312
Mottled red-green chert 18.529 17.764 14.37 12.658 9.091 5.402 6.863 5.345 0.645 1.089 0.684 28.719
Red argillite 79.019 66.876 50.85 40.788 22.944 11.494 11.111 10.862 1.895 1.055 0.720 41.695
Red chert 12.262 9.195 7.65 6.048 3.810 1.839 2.255 1.724 0.282 0.949 0.627 43.441
Gray chert 2.398 1.463 1.35 1.013 0.649 0.345 0.588 0.517 0.121 0.813 0.558 19.822

Isotopes
Sample
 TC % TOC % Ccarb % δ13C pdb δ18O pdb δ18O smow Stotal % δ34S sulfide 87Sr/86Sr
avg      
-36.40
-8.86
21.74
     
782-29-2b1       -45.5 -11.03 19.5      
384-28-6a       -33.2 -4.14 26.6      
484-20-2rii       -23.6 -8.99 21.6      
484-20-2t       -16.6 -9.77 20.8      
484-20-3a2       -29.2 -7.53 23.1      
rl15       -54.0 -11.32 19.2      
rl12       -49.7 -6.27 24.4      
rl11       -39.4 -11.81 18.7