Pipji - Alpine Carbonate-Hosted Occurrence

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Location - Switzerland

Age (of protore) - 230 Ma (Triassic)

Original size - < 1million tonnes of Mn

References

Brugger, J., and Meisser, N., 2006, Manganese-rich assemblages in the Barrhorn Unit, Turtmanntal, central Alps, Switzerland: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 44, p. 229-248.

strat column

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - other elements

Major Elements, oxide percent
		%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
		MnO	Fe₂O_3t	SiO₂	Al₂0₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	TiO₂	P₂0₅	LOI
Average	high Mn beds	42.24	14.86	7.45	2.21	2.21	2.21			0.05	1.33	18.71
4	jacobsite, rhodochrosite	52.3	9.58	6.92	1.06	7.91	0.97			0.025	0.7	18.5
55	kutnahorite	47.36	11.11	3.11	0.64	11.9	1.6			0.025	0.43	20.9
54	jacobsite, rhodochrosite	45	22.7	6.92	1.87	5.07	1.9			0.025	0.37	15.9
51	rhodochrosite	43.7	12	4.84	2.03	7.66	3.32			0.025	1.07	25.6
52	jacobsite, kutnahorite	41.2	22.3	3.54	0.87	13	1.5			0.025	0.35	17.5
50	rhodochrosite	40.1	10.9	13.1	2.64	6.16	5.29			0.09	1.84	18.6
53	rhodochrosite	39.7	13.4	10.4	3.59	8.39	3.84			0.06	1.49	19.8
7	jacobsite, kutnahorite	38.6	24.9	3.86	1.3	10.7	2.41			0.025	0.55	17.6
6	rhodochrosite, spessartine	32.2	6.84	14.4	5.86	15.7	3.54			0.22	5.19	14
9	hematite	5.28	78.5	2.51	1.11	3.78	0.42			0.025	0.46	3.17

Trace elements, ppm
	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm
	As	Ba	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Mo	Nb	Ni	Pb	Rb	Sc	Sr	Th	U	V	Y	Zn	Zr
avg	355.2	11814	0.60	566.8	18.8	120.6	4.26	1.47	1335	20.24			1130	1.28	4.82	607.2	10.29	528.20	19.37
4	1111	19355	1.59	866	12	149	13.62	0.77	1801	17.5			1900	1.32	6.57	988	2.55	850	16
55	128	22770	1.3	567	5	345	6.88	0.27	1424	32			3787	0.2	3.99	398	1.59	485	11
54	247	13381	0.67	438	14	17	5.71	0.85	1970	8.5			877	1.12	9.96	586	2.57	830	19
51	89	1481	0.3	433	15	121	0.76	0.94	997	6.4			155	0.94	4.6	209	11.19	321	12
52	179	11137	0.6	538	12	241	5.47	0.43	867	60.7			1768	0.29	4.7	497	1.74	504	10
50	541	20378	0.1	580	31	6	1.02	2.98	1871	3.5			1063	1.41	2.55	463	12.25	583	28
53	659	3961	0.1	567	33	34	0.75	2.19	1779	5			270	1.5	3.39	629	12.82	512	25
7	257	11299	0.53	486	16	21	3.58	0.64	996	38			965	0.83	3.94	504	1.72	658	11
6	297	2564	0.73	706	39	128	1.77	4.26	901	12.5			421	4.55	3.43	164	52.73	282	53
9	44	14773	0.1	487	11	144	3.05	1.35	753	18.3			95	0.63	5.05	1634	3.76	257	8.7

blank or nr = not reported; italics = below detection, listed at 1/2 detection limit

Rare-earth elements, ppm
Sample	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
avg	6.55	6.57	1.07	4.27	0.83	intf	0.91	0.131	0.880	0.191	0.552	0.085	0.546	0.086
4	3.45	6.31	0.7	2.64	0.55	intf	0.33	0.060	0.430	0.080	0.200	0.033	0.220	0.030
55	3.04	2.87	0.48	1.76	0.32	intf	0.34	0.050	0.320	0.040	0.140	0.023	0.120	0.020
54	3	4.54	0.53	2.3	0.43	intf	0.46	0.060	0.410	0.070	0.230	0.031	0.200	0.030
51	7.48	5.27	0.83	3.18	0.6	intf	0.73	0.110	0.780	0.180	0.550	0.087	0.540	0.090
52	2.64	3.18	0.47	1.83	0.35	intf	0.33	0.050	0.310	0.060	0.160	0.023	0.170	0.020
50	8.15	8.51	1.5	5.94	1.04	intf	1.24	0.170	1.000	0.210	0.630	0.100	0.600	0.090
53	6.43	6.78	1.13	4.66	0.98	0.35	1.09	0.150	0.980	0.220	0.600	0.097	0.640	0.100
7	2.72	4.06	0.58	2.1	0.4	intf	0.39	0.060	0.320	0.050	0.150	0.022	0.140	0.020
6	22	17.63	3.45	14	2.78	0.6	3.28	0.470	3.370	0.810	2.310	0.350	2.280	0.370
9	1.86	2.3	0.31	1.26	0.27	intf	0.34	0.050	0.360	0.050	0.190	0.032	0.190	0.030

intf= interference from Ba

Rare-earth elements, normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample	LaN	CeN	PrN	NdN	SmN	EuN	GdN	TbN	YbN	Ce/Ce*	Eu/Eu*	LaN/YbN	Ce/Ce* @Al=0	Eu/Eu* @Al=0
avg	17.84	6.87	7.84	6.00	3.58	intf	2.97	2.26	2.20	0.58	intf	8.11	0.7623	intf
4	9.40	6.59	5.11	3.71	2.38	intf	1.08	1.03	0.89	0.95	intf	10.60
55	8.28	3.00	3.50	2.48	1.39	intf	1.11	0.86	0.48	0.56	intf	17.12
54	8.17	4.74	3.87	3.23	1.86	intf	1.50	1.03	0.81	0.84	intf	10.14
51	20.38	5.51	6.06	4.47	2.60	intf	2.39	1.90	2.18	0.50	intf	9.36
52	7.19	3.32	3.43	2.57	1.52	intf	1.08	0.86	0.69	0.67	intf	10.49
50	22.21	8.89	10.95	8.35	4.50	intf	4.05	2.93	2.42	0.57	intf	9.18
53	17.52	7.08	8.25	6.55	4.24	4.02	3.56	2.59	2.58	0.59	1.03	6.79
7	7.41	4.24	4.23	2.95	1.73	intf	1.27	1.03	0.56	0.76	intf	13.13
6	59.95	18.42	25.18	19.69	12.03	6.90	10.72	8.10	9.19	0.47	0.61	6.52
9	5.07	2.40	2.26	1.77	1.17	intf	1.11	0.86	0.77	0.71	intf	6.62

Additional elements
Sample	Cl	Cs	F	Ga	Ge	Hf	Li	Sb	Sn	Ta
avg	35.60	0.28	0.18	14.4	3.34	0.39	1.50	11.24	1.01	0.11
4	27	0.1	0.14	16	4.2	0.42	1	11.9	1.47	0.08
55	20	0.1	0.07	15	4.73	0.1	1	14.2	0.25	0.01
54	44	0.48	0.13	18	5.37	0.35	2	19.9	0.63	0.08
51	20	0.36	0.13	16	2.15	0.25	1	0.5	1.25	0.07
52	21	0.1	0.06	13	2.72	0.15	1	15.5	0.25	0.005
50	39	0.21	0.29	15	3.17	0.58	2	4.5	1.45	0.22
53	111	0.31	0.18	17	3.11	0.47	1	1.5	0.81	0.15
7	54	0.1	0.17	14	2.46	0.17	1	37.9	0.25	0.06
6	10	0.84	0.6	14	2.99	1.36	4	0.5	3.07	0.39
9	10	0.23	0.05	6	2.49	0.05	1	6	0.67	0.06