Xiangtan

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Location - China

Age (of protore) - ca. 660 Ma

Original size - 2 million tonnes of Mn

References

Liu, T-B., Maynard, J.B., and Alten, J., 2006, Superheavy S isotopes from glacier-associated sediments of the Neoproterozoic of south China: Oceanic anoxia or sulfate limitation?, in Kesler, S.E., and Ohmoto, H., eds., Evolution of Early Earth's Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere--Constraints from Ore Deposits: Boulder CO, Geological Society of America, Memoir 198, p. 205-222.

Zhu, K-J., and Yao, G-L., 2000, Geochemical characteristics of Sinian manganese deposits of China: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 74, p. 534-539.

 

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent

 

Sample location
Sample no.

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%
MnO
Fe2O3t
SiO2
Al203
CaO
MgO
K2O
Na2O
TiO2
P205
LOI

Average (Liu etc)
Mn carb
 34.58 3.48 25.62 5.73 2.13 1.69 1.52 0.14 0.38 0.29 24.46
Avg (Zhu & Yao) Mn carb
27.72
3.57
0.33
  
XT-1.3               Mn ore 49.0 2.2 17.0 0.80 2.06 2.18 0.31 0.04 0.15 0.12 26.4
XT-2.4               Mn ore 39.8 4.67 15.0 5.01 2.05 1.43 1.34 0.21 0.54 0.48 29.0
XT-3.7               Mn ore 34.5 4.25 22.8 5.26 2.83 1.97 0.65 0.21 0.21 0.37 26.9
XT-0.6                Mn ore 31.5 3.733 27.97 6.57 2.02 1.65 1.83 0.15 0.42 0.30 23.9
XT-0.4               Mn ore 26.9 2.79 39.1 8.47 1.26 1.28 2.76 0.14 0.47 0.26 17.1
XT-4.5               Mn ore 25.7 3.25 31.9 8.25 2.54 1.61 2.21 0.10 0.47 0.21 23.7
XT-6.1               shale 16.3 8.34 34.2 9.68 1.33 1.50 3.44 0.00 0.99 0.20 23.9
XT-0.3               shale 13.2 5.24 42.0 11.6 1.38 1.43 3.72 0.21 0.65 0.37 20.2
XT-8.1               shale 0.3 2.87 62.9 14.2 1.45 1.56 4.41 0.04 0.72 0.07 13.2
XT-4.3               dolomite 0.29 0.31 20.1 1.33 24.6 15.7 0.39 0.00 0.03 0.11 37.2
XT-7.2               shale 0.18 2.43 64.1 15.3 1.47 1.65 4.51 0.05 0.72 0.06 11.0
XT-4.2               shale 0.15 3.35 60.0 14.2 0.10 1.37 4.23 0.04 0.71 0.08 16.9

 

Trace elements, ppm

 

 

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

 
As
Ba
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Mo
Nb
Ni
Pb
Rb
Sc
Sr
Th
U
V
Y
Zn
Zr

Average

 110 3737 31 18 16 40 19 33 186 7 2 85 41 121 66
XT-1.3              
30.7
257
13
8
21
33
8
11
118
1.2
0.72
52
41.9
487
30
XT-2.4              
252
1140
55
38
23
85
23
35.8
366
12.4
5.79
137
51.5
38
97
XT-3.7              
144
5130
32
25
11
34
17
17.1
321
6.9
2.58
73
50.6
5
66
XT-0.6               
37
260
9
5
14
14
8
16.2
84.4
1.2
0.71
53
23.9
45
29
XT-0.4              
106
436
38
14
12
38
44
65.6
59.3
9.8
2.45
128
32.1
109
96
XT-4.5              
92.4
15200
39
17
12
38
14
53.5
169
8.8
2.63
65
46.9
44
80
XT-6.1              
500
686
91
62
49
174
105
88.8
95.3
17.1
5.24
240
42
32
166
XT-0.3              
152
810
52
10
19
52
111
106
111
13.7
3.53
180
46.1
61
157
XT-8.1              
80.2
481
37
1
13
55
189
130
39.6
14.4
2.79
68
42.6
51
190
XT-4.3              
24.1
418
34
7
2
28
38
8.4
1140
1.4
3.63
112
25.5
21
134
XT-7.2              
101
522
43
1
16
43
22
135
30.9
14.1
2.75
64
33.2
39
205
XT-4.2              
119
1070
44
3
15
54
71
121
36.2
12.9
3.71
65
31.6
69
205

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

Rare-earth elements, ppm

 
Sample
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy 
Ho 
Er 
Tm 
Yb
Lu

Average

 35.9 99.1 9.0 37.2 7.9 1.4 7.4 1.2 7.8 1.6 4.5 0.7 3.9 0.5
XT-1.3               29 89.8 7.41 31.9 6.5 1.38 6.22 0.97 6.67 1.3 3.65 0.51 2.9 0.36
XT-2.4               48.2 127 11.5 44.2 8.3 1.58 7.61 1.33 8.06 1.86 5.9 0.86 5.2 0.82
XT-3.7               43.4 134 11.8 50.1 11.6 2.32 10.2 1.7 11.3 2.19 5.88 0.92 4.8 0.57
XT-0.6                23 69 6 23.7 4.5 0.9 4.89 0.78 5.03 1.15 2.9 0.4 2.6 0.4
XT-0.4               32.1 75 7.79 32.6 7.3 1.11 6.46 1.13 7.16 1.25 3.7 0.56 3.6 0.48
XT-4.5               39.5 100 9.68 40.7 9 1.2 9.1 1.33 8.53 1.74 5.2 0.72 4.2 0.63
XT-6.1               81.6 199 15.6 55.7 9.9 1.72 8.56 1.36 8.1 1.62 5.04 0.74 5.5 0.77
XT-0.3               54.3 125 12.4 48.4 9.8 1.68 8.49 1.33 8.9 1.71 5.29 0.79 5.4 0.68
XT-8.1               42.5 71 9.28 36.3 7.8 1.65 7.52 1.15 7.12 1.42 4.29 0.61 4.4 0.67
XT-4.3               8.3 15.4 1.71 7.4 2.3 0.57 2.75 0.46 3.01 0.72 2.17 0.33 1.8 0.3
XT-7.2               46 77.9 9.57 36.7 7.4 1.18 6.1 0.91 5.91 1.2 3.95 0.58 3.5 0.49
XT-4.2               41.7 69.5 8.76 32.6 7.2 1.35 6.08 0.91 5.8 1.14 3.45 0.5 3.2 0.51

Rare-earth elements,

normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample
LaN
CeN
PrN
NdN
SmN
EuN
GdN
TbN
YbN
Ce/Ce*
Eu/Eu*
LaN/YbN

Average

 97.7 103.6 65.9 52.3 34.1 16.3 24.2 20.8 31.4 1.291 0.566 3.111 1.393 0.642 2.289
XT-1.3               79.0 93.8 54.1 44.9 28.1 15.9 20.3 16.7 26.9 1.435 0.663 2.938
XT-2.4               131.3 132.7 83.9 62.2 35.9 18.2 24.9 22.9 32.5 1.264 0.608 4.041
XT-3.7               118.3 140.0 86.1 70.5 50.2 26.7 33.3 29.3 45.6 1.387 0.652 2.595
XT-0.6                62.7 72.1 43.8 33.3 19.5 10.3 16.0 13.4 20.3 1.376 0.586 3.090
XT-0.4               87.5 78.4 56.9 45.9 31.6 12.8 21.1 19.5 28.9 1.111 0.494 3.030
XT-4.5               107.6 104.5 70.7 57.2 39.0 13.8 29.7 22.9 34.4 1.198 0.405 3.129
XT-6.1               222.3 207.9 113.9 78.3 42.9 19.8 28.0 23.4 32.7 1.307 0.571 6.808
XT-0.3               148.0 130.6 90.5 68.1 42.4 19.3 27.7 22.9 35.9 1.129 0.563 4.123      
XT-8.1               115.8 74.2 67.7 51.1 33.8 19.0 24.6 19.8 28.7 0.838 0.658 4.034      
XT-4.3               22.6 16.1 12.5 10.4 10.0 6.6 9.0 7.9 12.1 0.958 0.693 1.863      
XT-7.2               125.3 81.4 69.9 51.6 32.0 13.6 19.9 15.7 23.8 0.870 0.537 5.260      
XT-4.2               113.6 72.6 63.9 45.9 31.2 15.5 19.9 15.7 23.4 0.852 0.624 4.858      

Isotopes
Sample
 %S, ore δ34S , ore sulfide %S host δ34S host, sulfide δ13C pdb δ18O pdb δ18O smow Corg % Ccarb % mineralogy
Average 2.36 42.60 4.1 43.4
  1.56 5.95
XT-1.3               0.80 47.36
  0.55 8.07  
XT-2.4               3.14 36.82           2.07 6.49  
XT-3.7               2.71 42.86           1.58 6.41  
XT-0.6                2.68 43.43           1.47 5.36  
XT-0.4               2.46 41.46         0.91 4.45  
XT-4.5               2.40 43.65           2.76 4.93  
XT-6.1                   9.09 39.26       2.99 2.36  
XT-0.3                   4.56 48.44       0.94 1.82  
XT-8.1                   2.94 53.05       3.47 0.00  
XT-4.3                   0.96 15.36       4.27 10.12  
XT-7.2                   3.34 60.93       4.14 0.00  
XT-4.2                   3.42         5.08 0.00  

 

Xiangtan Ce anomaly

 

Xiangtan Eu anomaly

 

Xiangtan La-Yb