Xialei
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Location - China
Age (of protore) - Devonian, Fammenian: 369 -- 374Ma
Original size - 31 million tonnes of Mn
References
Zeng, Y-Y., and Liu, T-B., 1999, Characteristics of the Devonian Xialei ferromanganese deposit, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, p. 153-163.
major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes
Major Elements, oxide percent
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampler
|
Sample number |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
MnO |
Fe2O3t |
SiO2 |
Al203 |
CaO |
MgO |
K2O |
Na2O |
P205
|
TiO2 |
LOI |
||
| average | carbonate ore | 31.04 | 17.52 | 19.23 | 1.62 | 4.97 | 3.25 | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.33 | 0.06 | 22.39 |
| average | Mn oxide | 42.4 | 10.538 | 23.6 | 3.28 | 0.64 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 12.1 | |||
| Ore bed II | Mn carbonate | 38.5 | 14.08 | 13.7 | 1.08 | 0.24 | 3.02 | 0.55 | 0.26 | 0.66 | 0.04 | 28.69 |
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate, Mn carbonate | 38.0 | 12.21 | 22.9 | 1.38 | 2.64 | 2.18 | 1.42 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 19.21 |
| Ore bed II, Top | Pisolitic Mn carbonate ore | 37.8 | 28.16 | 13.7 | 1.08 | 0.66 | 0.04 | |||||
| Mn silicate, Mn carbonate | 28.5 | 6.798 | 23 | 1.48 | 8.74 | 3.03 | 0.28 | 22.9 | ||||
| Ore bed III | Mn carbonate | 28.4 | 16.94 | 5.68 | 0.87 | 4.77 | 6.08 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 38.28 |
| Ore bed III, Upper part | Mn carbonate ore | 27.7 | 33.88 | 5.68 | 0.87 | 0.26 | 0.04 | |||||
| Ore bed I | Mn carbonate | 27.5 | 9.559 | 20.3 | 3.38 | 12.2 | 3.13 | 0.8 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 23.35 |
| Ore bed I, Upper part | Mn carbonate ore | 26.9 | 19.118 | 20.3 | 3.38 | 0.23 | 0.07 | |||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate | 26.1 | 16.94 | 47.8 | 1.04 | 1.22 | 2.08 | 0.51 | 2.95 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 1.91 |
a blank indicates not reported
Trace elements, ppm
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
ppm |
|
As |
Ba |
Cd |
Co |
Cr |
Cu |
Mo |
Nb |
Ni |
Pb |
Rb |
Sc |
Sr |
Th |
U |
V |
Y |
Zn |
Zr |
blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection
Rare-earth elements, ppm
|
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| Sample | La |
Ce |
Pr |
Nd |
Sm |
Eu |
Gd |
Tb |
Dy |
Ho |
Er |
Tm |
Yb |
Lu |
Rare-earth elements, normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992) |
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Sample |
LaN |
CeN |
PrN |
NdN |
SmN |
EuN |
GdN |
TbN |
YbN |
Ce/Ce* |
Eu/Eu* |
LaN/YbN |
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Isotopes - |
| Calcite | Rhodochrosite | calcite | Calcite | Rhodochrosite | Rhodochrosite | pyrite | |||||||
| Sample Position | Lithology | %C-carbonate | %C-organic | δ13C-carb pdb | δ13C-carb pdb | δ13C-org | δ18Ocarb pdb | δ18Ocarb smow | δ18Ocarb pdb | δ18O-carb smow | % S-total | δ34S-sulfide | |
Average |
carbonate | 0.20 | -7.04 | -6.75 | 23.91 | 10.75 | |||||||
| Average | oxide |
||||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn carbonate | 0.07 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate, Mn carbonate | 0.07 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II, Top | Pisolitic Mn carbonate ore | -8.3 | -7.2 | 23.4 | |||||||||
| Mn silicate, Mn carbonate | |||||||||||||
| Ore bed III | Mn carbonate | 0.68 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed III, Upper part | Mn carbonate ore | -2.8 | -8.8 | 21.8 | |||||||||
| Ore bed I | Mn carbonate | 0.07 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed I, Upper part | Mn carbonate ore | -3.4 | -10.8 | 19.7 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate | 0.13 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed I | Mn silicate-carbonate ore | -32.6 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed I | Mn silicate-carbonate ore | 31.6 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed I | Mn carbonate ore | 4.2 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed I | Mn carbonate ore | 7.9 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed I, Lower part | Banded Mn carbonate ore | -4.2 | -5.3 | 25.4 | |||||||||
| Ore bed I, Upper part | Oolitic Mn carbonate ore | -6.1 | -7 | 23.7 | |||||||||
| Ore bed I, Upper part | Pisolitic Mn carbonate ore | -6.2 | -10.5 | 20.18 | |||||||||
| Ore bed I, Upper part | Rhodochrosite concretion | -3.9 | -9.3 | 21.38 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate-carbonate ore | 24.5 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate-carbonate ore | 23.8 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate-carbonate ore | 28 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn silicate-carbonate ore | 20.9 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn carbonate ore | 32.2 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II | Mn carbonate ore | -7.1 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed II, Base | Pisolitic Mn carbonate | -7.8 | -5.4 | 25.28 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II, Base | Laminated Mn carbonate ore | -8 | -5.6 | 25.08 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II, Lower part | Oolitic Mn carbonate ore | -7.8 | -5 | 25.7 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II, Middle part | Mn carbonate ore | -5.1 | -3.7 | 27 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II, Upper part | Laminated oolitic Mn carbonate ore | -14.3 | -5.5 | 25.2 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II, Upper part | Pisolitic Mn carbonate ore | -9.5 | -7.7 | 22.98 | |||||||||
| Ore bed II, Upper part | Massive Mn carbonate ore | -10.9 | -5.3 | 25.4 | |||||||||
| Ore bed III | Mn carbonate ore | 3.5 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed III | Mn carbonate ore | 9.6 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed III | Mn carbonate ore | 2.3 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed III | Mn carbonate ore | 1.7 | |||||||||||
| Ore bed III, Lower part | Banded Mn carbonate ore | -7.3 | -4.2 | 26.5 | |||||||||
| Horizon 16 | Calcareous mudstone | 6.4 | |||||||||||
| Horizon 2 | Calcareous mudstone | -5.7 | |||||||||||
| Horizon 3 | Calcareous mudstone | -24.2 | |||||||||||
| Horizon 11 | Siliceous mudstone | 7.9 | |||||||||||
| Horizon 10 | Siliceous limestone | 6.4 | |||||||||||
| Horizon 10 | Siliceous limestone | 19.3 | |||||||||||
| Interlayer 1 | Siliceous limestone | 7 | |||||||||||
| Horizon 3 | Argillaceous limestone | 4.8 | |||||||||||
| Interlayer 2 | Biotite-Mn carbonate ore | 16.5 | |||||||||||
| Interlayer 2 | Mn-bearing mudstone | 0.6 | |||||||||||
| Foot wall | Argillaceous limestone | 0.1 | -5 | 25.8 | |||||||||
| Interlayer 1, Base | Mn-bearing limestone | -1.7 | -8.2 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| Interlayer 1, Lower part | Argillaceous limestone | 0 | -5.1 | 25.7 | |||||||||
| Interlayer 1, Lower part | Argillaceous limestone | ||||||||||||
| Interlayer 1, Upper part | Siliceous limestone | -3.6 | -5.7 | 25 | |||||||||
| Interlayer 2, base | Laminated banded Mn carbonate ore | -7.4 | -7.5 | 23.2 |