Wafangzi

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Location - China

Age (of protore) - 1437-1372 Ma

Original size - 8.14 million tonnes of Mn

References

Su, WenBo, Li, HuaiKun, Huff, WD, Ettensohn, FR, Zhang, ShiHong, Zhou, HongYing and Wan, YuSheng, 2010, SHRIMP U-Pb dating for a K-bentonite bed in the Tieling Formation, North China: Chinese Science Bulletin, v. 55, p. 3312-3323.

Fan, D-L., Ye, J., and Li, J-Y., 1999, Geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Middle Proterozoic Wafangzi ferromanganese deposit, Liaoning Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, p. 31-53.

Fan, D-L, Dasgupta, S., Bolton, B.R., Hariya, Y., Momoi, H., Miura, H., Li, J-J., and Roy, S., 1992, Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Proterozoic Wafangzi ferromanganese deposit, China: Economic Geology, v. 87, p. 1430-1440.

 

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent

 

Sample location

 
Sample no.

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%
MnO
Fe2O3t
SiO2
Al203
CaO
MgO
K2O
Na2O
TiO2
P205
LOI

Average

 
Oxide ore
 47.1 14.6 11.0 1.92 4.64 2.48 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.06 12.7

Average

 

 Carbonate ore 40.0 9.62 11.8 2.11 3.19 3.26 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.10 28.9
BS-40 oxide ore 60.0 15.1 2.72 1.44 2.27 1.08 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.043 10.8
BS-44 oxide ore 42.6 15.6 15.7 2.27 3.25 3.53 0.03 0.16 0.03 0.087 11.4
BS-43 oxide ore 38.8 13.0 14.6 2.04 8.39 2.82 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.050 16.0
Bo-11 silicate ore 42.6 24.6 20.3 2.63 1.40 2.87 0.10 0.28 0.06 0.033 3.5
Bo-10 silicate ore 27.5 39.1 19.8 1.62 1.77 0.72 0.29 0.91 0.05 0.052 5.5
Y-l-3 carbonate ore 43.9 9.5 6.27 1.85 2.11 2.80 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.091 31.8
Y-l-1 carbonate ore 43.0 10.4 6.16 1.66 2.56 2.68 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.097 32.8
BS-5-l carbonate ore 42.6 10.7 13.7 1.47 2.07 2.33 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.070 25.7
Fw1Sa carbonate ore 40.6 6.9 6.87 3.06 5.30 4.14 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.048 31.7
BS-2 carbonate ore 40.5 8.5 13.7 2.75 3.11 3.57 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.114 26.6
BS-22 carbonate ore 38.9 11.9 11.0 1.74 3.02 3.84 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.165 28.0
BS-5-2 carbonate ore 38.1 13.0 15.6 2.09 2.21 3.51 0.02 0.13 0.03 0.135 25.1
Fw7 carbonate ore 32.7 6.1 20.8 2.29 5.17 3.24 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.078 29.5

silicate ore (braunite-dominated) is from a halo of contact metamorphism

Trace elements, ppm

 

 

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

 
As
Ba
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Mo
Nb
Ni
Pb
Rb
Sc
Sr
Th
U
V
Y
Zn
Zr
Avg oxide  
384
75
113
33
0.33
7.0
29.7
57.0
6.35
11.0
188
3.47
25.0
26
54.3
12.1
Avg carb  
14
222
169
21
0.39
5.0
51.6
88.8
6.20
11.3
12.0
3.54
39
29
133
14
BS-40  
859
21
67
29.6
0.22
bd
18
35
7.1
8
186
2.2
14
16
41.7
6.2
BS-44  
108
141
172
32.8
0.46
bd
46
86
bd
14
166
4.6
38
64.9
13
BS-43  
186
63
101
37.5
0.31
7
25
50
5.6
11
213
3.6
23
24
56.4
17
Bo-11  
250
53
70
50.8
0.37
bd
23
38
2.7
14
59
4.7
13
80.9
21
Bo-10  
175
55
117
30.9
0.51
bd
22
68
bd
26
167
5.6
21
39
65.6
21
Y-l-3  
18.5
330
187
28.3
0.42
3
56
97
bd
12
8.63
3.6
42
205
7.5
Y-l-1  
21.8
265
203
10.7
0.45
3
57
102
bd
14
7.88
3.9
46
28
85.7
28
BS-5-l  
25.5
170
126
35.7
0.31
3
49
72
bd
10
7.61
2.9
28
31
249
12
Fw1Sa  
3.28
77
80
7.3
0.19
6
19
40
11
5
10.5
1.9
19
15
62.2
7.5
BS-2  
1.06
184
200
49.5
0.47
4
51
104
bd
14
10.2
4.4
45
21
63.5
13
BS-22  
20.5
145
211
15.5
0.46
9
50
105
bd
12
17.3
4
50
149
18
BS-5-2  
18.4
279
195
9.7
0.47
2
80
115
bd
14
10.4
4.4
47
51
175
18
Fw7  
1.93
323
147
10.7
0.34
10
51
75
1.4
9
23.6
3.2
35
28
71.6
7.5

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

Rare-earth elements, ppm

 
Sample
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy 
Ho 
Er 
Tm 
Yb
Lu
avg oxide
24.5
44.5
5.15
21.0
4.65
0.75
4.20
0.65
3.55
0.69
1.60
0.23
0.92
0.11
avg carb
17.8
36.2
4.35
17.5
3.93
0.73
3.98
0.63
3.87
0.77
2.05
0.30
1.84
0.25
BS-40 29 51 5.9 23 5.1 0.82 4.3 0.66 3.6 0.68 1.6 0.23 1 0.11
BS-44
BS-43 20 38 4.4 19 4.2 0.68 4.1 0.64 3.5 0.69 1.6 0.22 0.84 0.11
Bo-11
Bo-10 24 45 5.3 21 4.8 0.8 4.8 0.79 4.7 0.96 2.5 0.33 1.8 0.26
Y-l-3
Y-l-1 15 31 4.2 15 3.2 0.52 3.7 0.63 4 0.86 2.5 0.35 2.3 0.31
BS-5-l 16 31 4.1 17 4.3 0.76 4.6 0.71 4.7 0.93 2.5 0.37 2.3 0.33
Fw1Sa 27 51 4.8 18 3.3 0.53 3 0.41 2.5 0.45 1.1 0.17 0.95 0.12
BS-2 16 32 3.8 15 3.4 0.62 3.4 0.52 3.4 0.68 1.9 0.29 1.8 0.25
BS-22  
BS-5-2 19 43 5.7 26 6.4 1.4 6.6 1.1 6.4 1.3 3.3 0.5 2.8 0.4
Fw7 14 29 3.5 14 3 0.54 2.6 0.4 2.2 0.41 1 0.14 0.86 0.09

Rare-earth elements,

normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample
LaN
CeN
PrN
NdN
SmN
EuN
GdN
TbN
YbN
Ce/Ce*
Eu/Eu*
LaN/YbN
avg oxide
66.757
46.499
37.591
29.536
20.130
8.621
13.725
11.207
3.710
0.931
0.518
17.843
0.839
0.601
17.997
avg carb
48.592
37.792
31.752
24.613
17.027
8.372
13.017
10.833
7.399
0.960
0.551
8.318
0.786
0.512
11.078
BS-40 79.019 53.292 43.066 32.349 22.078 9.425 14.052 11.379 4.032 0.914 0.535 19.597
BS-44
BS-43 54.496 39.707 32.117 26.723 18.182 7.816 13.399 11.034 3.387 0.949 0.501 16.089
Bo-11
Bo-10 65.395 47.022 38.686 29.536 20.779 9.195 15.686 13.621 7.258 0.935 0.509 9.010
Y-l-3
Y-l-1 40.872 32.393 30.657 21.097 13.853 5.977 12.092 10.862 9.274 0.915 0.462 4.407
BS-5-l 43.597 32.393 29.927 23.910 18.615 8.736 15.033 12.241 9.274 0.897 0.522 4.701
Fw1Sa 73.569 53.292 35.036 25.316 14.286 6.092 9.804 7.069 3.831 1.050 0.515 19.206
BS-2 43.597 33.438 27.737 21.097 14.719 7.126 11.111 8.966 7.258 0.962 0.557 6.007
BS-22                
BS-5-2 51.771 44.932 41.606 36.568 27.706 16.092 21.569 18.966 11.290 0.968 0.658 4.585
Fw7 38.147 30.303 25.547 19.691 12.987 6.207 8.497 6.897 3.468 0.971 0.591 11.001

Isotopes
Sample
 %S ore δ34S ore, sulfide %S host δ34S host, sulfide δ13C pdb δ18O pdb δ18O smow MnO % Ccarb % mineralogy
avg carb        
-6.50
-7.24
23.50
36.68
    
Y1-1        
-6.6
-9.4
21.35
40.8
    
Y1-3        
-5.3
-7
23.74
41.7
    
BS5        
-7
-6.4
24.33
40.6
    
BS2        
-6.5
-6.7
24.03
37.6
    
Fw15a        
-3.9
-8
22.74
38.2
    
Fw7        
-7.2
-6
24.73
30.2
    
BS22        
-6.5
-9
21.74
37.3
    
Fw3        
-10.5
-4.7
26.03
   
Fw5        
-6.1
-6.7
24.03
   
Fw65a        
-5.4
-8.5
22.24
27
    

 

 

 

stratigraphic_column