Tiantaishan

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Location - China

Age (of protore) - Cambrian: 468 Ma

Original size - 1.49 million tonnes of Mn

References

Hein, J.R., Fan, D-L., Ye, J., Liu, T-B., and Yeh, H-W., 1999, Composition and origin of Early Cambrian Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores, Shaanxi Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, p. 95-134.

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent
		%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
		MnO	Fe₂O_3t	SiO₂	Al₂0₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	P₂0₅	TiO₂	LOI
Average	Mn carb	36.8	2.51	6.39	0.47	10.8	5.54	0.04	b.d.	1.7	b.d.	34.6
IX	ore	41.2	3.78	9.06	0.65	5.68	5.00	<0.02	<0.05	0.08	<0.02	34.2
1R	ore	40.8	1.21	5.87	0.16	7.36	5.84	0.02	<0.05	0.39	<0.02	37.2
1N	ore	40.4	1.42	7.22	0.24	10.5	3.49	<0.02	<0.05	3.07	<0.02	32.9
1W	ore	38.4	5.55	7.97	0.32	7.04	5.30	<0.02	<0.05	0.08	<0.05	34.0
IV	ore	36.1	2.70	1.4	0.31	12.0	7.55	0.03	<0.05	0.12	<0.05	38.0
1Q	ore	35.4	1.40	4.17	0.17	12.3	6.61	0.08	<0.05	0.91	<0.02	37.7
1S	ore	34.4	2.35	8.93	1.27	13.5	4.19	<0.02	<0.05	5.29	<0.02	28.4
1T	dolomitic ore	27.8	1.67	6.52	0.63	18.2	6.36	0.02	<0.05	3.75	<0.02	34.0
1Y2	low-grade ore	17.00	1.03	10.5	1.31	22.4	8.29	0.2	<0.15	2.14	0.02	34.4
1Y1	low-grade ore	15.40	0.90	8.92	0.46	23.5	9.64	0.21	<0.15	0.11	<0.02	39.3
1Z	low-grade ore	15.40	3.38	11.3	1.72	22.4	8.59	0.24	<0.15	1.54	0.02	33.7
1U	low-grade ore	8.77	0.58	11.8	0.88	25.7	12	0.22	<0.15	<0.05	0.05	39.0
1BB	dolomite	1.46	1.16	16	2.97	23.8	16	0.97	<0.15	0.06	0.15	37.0
1AA	dolomite	0.70	0.57	3.76	0.76	29.4	19.6	0.31	<0.15	<0.05	<0.02	44.4
1A	GSh	0.21	4.57	54.6	10.8	8.16	3.97	2.53	0.53	0.18	0.42	11.7
1M	BSh	0.12	4.25	61.4	8.42	3.12	1.71	2.18	<0.15	1.74	0.77	11.5
1G	BSh	0.10	2.34	59.8	7.71	9.18	1.84	1.72	0.19	6.17	0.77	8.0
1D	BSh	0.08	3.06	79.8	6.84	0.51	0.49	1.86	<0.15	0.1	0.33	4.7
1L	BSh	0.08	4.73	48	9.92	6.06	2.2	2.61	<0.15	4.39	0.75	16.2
1E	BSh	0.05	2.53	80.9	6.69	0.96	0.54	1.54	<0.15	0.1	0.3	4.4
1F	BSh	0.04	6.87	55.9	10.4	5.02	1.5	2.37	0.17	3.36	0.93	7.4

Trace elements, ppm
	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm
	As	Ba	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Mo	Nb	Ni	Pb	Rb	Sc	Sr	Th	U	V	Y	Zn	Zr
avg	48	121	2	19	7	16	13		54	18			143	23		58	24	32
IX	29	90	<4	17	9.5	6	14.5		<4	12			21	28		57.5	23	23
1R	41	145	0.1	16	8.4	8	6.6		52	<8			80	28		62.5	17	14
1N	79	62	0.1	27	8.9	16	11		125	20			340	24		76.5	22	37
1W	19	92	<4	24	6.3	50	21		68.5	20			33	23		54	18	75
IV	<3.2	250	5.4	19	4.5	5	11		<4	<8			81	<8		54	17	26
1Q	73.5	175	<4	21	4.2	15	20		63.5	16			135	17		72.5	20	21
1S		83	<4	9	9.7	17	<4		8.5	24			275	18		47.5	33	36
1T	<2	68	<4	20	3.9	14	9.5		5	16			180	<8		41	39	24
1Y2	15	215	0.35	23	10	7	9.6	14		13			185			95	28	5
1Y1	26	210	0.1	24	7.5	7	7.6	7		8			170			87	10	8
1Z	21	230	0.1	74	13	34	17	32		20			105			135	18	13
1U	2	92.5	0.1	7	3.4	14	4	14		12			210			26	12	14
1BB	<20	410	<4	7	22	15	4	13		<8			56			49		18
1AA	<2	735	1.4	5	19	26	7.4	25		<8			210			107	9	37
1A	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–		–			–			–		–
1M	210	150	5	13	420	410	160	430		16			240			1800		620
1G	88	280	<4	5	280	240	23	180		<8			580			180		480
1D	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–		–			–			–		–
1L	140	140	<4	15	410	240	160	440		24			350			1800		460
1E	<20	610	<4	10	35	33	<4	32		19			120			130		60
1F	42	98	<4	18	240	1000	28	280		11			260			630		160

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

Rare-earth elements, ppm
Sample	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
avg	9.6	19.1	2.0	8.6	1.7	0.4	1.8	0.3	1.5	0.3	1.0	0.1	0.8
1	5.4	11	1.1	4.4	0.89	0.22	0.9	0.2	1.1	0.27	0.8	0.12	0.68
2	4.3	7	0.9	4	0.75	0.14	0.7	0.08	0.6	0.14	0.41	0.05	0.37
3	7.2	15	1.5	7.2	1.3	0.32	1.7	0.2	1.2	0.3	0.74	0.11	0.56
4	6.2	12	1.2	4.7	0.99	0.16	1.1	0.1	0.73	0.17	0.5	0.08	0.47
5	6.3	13	1.2	4.2	0.83	0.18	0.9	0.1	0.98	0.21	0.67	0.09	0.52
6	6.3	12	1.7	7.6	1.7	0.31	1.5	0.25	1.3	0.33	0.85	0.12	0.55
7	24	43	4.8	20	3.6	0.85	4	0.56	3.3	0.78	2.2	0.29	1.6
8	17	40	3.9	17	3.5	0.82	3.2	0.51	2.8	0.59	1.8	0.21	1.3
9	15	33	3.2	13	3	0.66	3	0.4	3	0.57	2.1	0.25	1.4
10	5	9	0.9	2.8	0.54	0.16	0.7	0.035	0.64	0.15	0.43	0.08	0.44
11	11	21	2.3	9.7	2.2	0.45	2.2	0.31	2.1	0.42	1.2	0.15	0.88
12	6.3	19	1.4	5.8	1.2	0.32	1.3	0.2	1.2	0.23	0.89	0.1	0.62
13
14	9.2	14	1.5	5.3	1.1	0.25	1.2	0.2	1.2	0.24	0.84	0.13	0.73
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Rare-earth elements, normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample	LaN	CeN	PrN	NdN	SmN	EuN	GdN	TbN	YbN	Ce/Ce*	Eu/Eu*	LaN/YbN	Ce/Ce* @Al=0	Eu/Eu* @Al=0	LaN/YbN @Al=0
avg	26.1	20.0	14.9	12.1	7.3	4.3	5.7	4.3	3.0	1.006	0.641	8.215	1.00	0.64
1	14.7	11.5	8.0	6.2	3.9	2.5	2.9	3.4	2.7	1.058	0.751	5.366
2	11.7	7.3	6.6	5.6	3.2	1.6	2.3	1.4	1.5	0.834	0.590	7.853
3	19.6	15.7	10.9	10.1	5.6	3.7	5.6	3.4	2.3	1.069	0.658	8.688
4	16.9	12.5	8.8	6.6	4.3	1.8	3.6	1.7	1.9	1.031	0.469	8.914
5	17.2	13.6	8.8	5.9	3.6	2.1	2.9	1.7	2.1	1.108	0.636	8.187
6	17.2	12.5	12.4	10.7	7.4	3.6	4.9	4.3	2.2	0.859	0.593	7.740
7	65.4	44.9	35.0	28.1	15.6	9.8	13.1	9.7	6.5	0.939	0.685	10.136
8	46.3	41.8	28.5	23.9	15.2	9.4	10.5	8.8	5.2	1.151	0.749	8.837
9	40.9	34.5	23.4	18.3	13.0	7.6	9.8	6.9	5.6	1.116	0.672	7.240
10	13.6	9.4	6.6	3.9	2.3	1.8	2.3	0.6	1.8	0.994	0.795	7.679
11	30.0	21.9	16.8	13.6	9.5	5.2	7.2	5.3	3.5	0.978	0.625	8.447
12	17.2	19.9	10.2	8.2	5.2	3.7	4.2	3.4	2.5	1.499	0.783	6.866
13
14	25.1	14.6	10.9	7.5	4.8	2.9	3.9	3.4	2.9	0.883	0.665	8.516
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Isotopes
Sample	TC %	Ccarb %	TOC %	δ¹³C pdb dol or cct	δ¹³C pdb rho or kut	δ¹³C pdb Corg	δ¹⁸O pdb dol or cct	δ¹⁸O smow dol or cct	δ¹⁸O pdb rho or kut	δ¹⁸O smow rho or kut	Stotal %	δ³⁴S sulfide	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr
avg				-7.48	-6.91		-12.73	17.98	-12.41	18.30	.
IX					-6.1				-12.2	18.5
1R					-6.55				-11.95	18.7
1N					-4.6				-12.2	18.5
1W					-7.8				-11.6	19.1
IV				-8.7	-8.4		-12.8	17.9	-12.6	18.1
1Q				-7.5	-7.3		-11.7	19.0	-11.9	18.8
1S				-6.3	-6.8		-13.5	17.2	-13.7	17.0
1T				-7.4	-7.7		-12.9	17.8	-13.1	17.6
1Y2				-7.4	-7.4		-12.9	17.8	-12.7	18.0
1Y1				-11.2	-7.7		-12.8	17.9	-8.1	22.6
1Z					-7.5				-9.9	20.8
1U				-4.8			-9.7	21.0
1BB				-5.8			-10	20.7
1AA				-8.2			-10.4	20.3
1A
1M
1G
1D
1L
1E
1F