Taojiang

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Location - China

Age (of protore) - Middle Ordovician, 461 -- 472Ma

Original size - 1.5 -- 2 million tonnes of Mn

References

Liu, T-B., Maynard, J.B., and Alten, J., 2006, Superheavy S isotopes from glacier-associated sediments of the Neoproterozoic of south China: Oceanic anoxia or sulfate limitation?, in Kesler, S.E., and Ohmoto, H., eds., Evolution of Early Earth's Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere--Constraints from Ore Deposits: Boulder CO, Geological Society of America, Memoir 198, p. 205-222.

Okita, P.M., and Shanks, W.C., 1992, Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico and Taojiang, China: Chemical Geology, v. 99, p. 139-164.

Zhu, S-Q., 1996, Characteristics of Taojiang-type hydrothermal sedimentary manganese deposits: Geological Review (in Chinese) v. 42, p. 397-404.

Liu, T-B. , 1988, C-S-Fe Correlation of Shales Hosting Sedimentary Manganese Deposits. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

Liu, T-B. , 1990, C-S relationships in shales hosting manganese ores from Mexico, China, and Newfoundland; implications for depositional environment and mineralization: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 5, p. 325-340.

Peng, B., Piestrzynski, A., Pieczonka, J., Xiao, M., Wang, Y., Xie, S., ... & Song, Z. (2007). Mineralogical and geochemical constraints on environmental impacts from waste rock at Taojiang Mn-ore deposit, central Hunan, China.Environmental geology, 52(7), 1277-1296.

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent
Sampler	Sample number	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Sampler	Sample number	MnO	Fe₂O_3t	SiO₂	Al₂0₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	TiO₂	P₂0₅	LOI
Liu	SO-5301	30.0	1.02	11.2	0.51	23.0	1.26	0.22	0.12	0.01	0.05	31.9
Liu	SO-5302	38.2	1.04	4.59	0.63	16.9	2.34	0.27	0.07	0.02	0.05	34.8
Zhu	40-3	39.87	5.062
Zhu	40-6	34.22	1.144
Zhu	30-3	29.96	8.18
Zhu	24-4	29.42	2.488
Zhu	26-1	27.25	3.132
Zhu	24-6	17.27	2.317
Zhu	14-3	15.61	3.418
Zhu	19-5	11.27	2.474

a blank indicates not reported

Trace elements, ppm
	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm	ppm
	As	Ba	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Mo	Nb	Ni	Pb	Rb	Sc	Sr	Th	U	V	Y	Zn	Zr
Liu SO-5301		384				11	<2	<1	95	13	7.7		1370	0.7	0.23	12	11.3	120	3.1
Liu SO-5302		14				31	<2	<1	96	16	10.2		974	0.7	0.11	25	9.6	115	2.1
Zhu 40-3				0.003		0.003			0.016
Zhu 40-6				0.003		0.007			0.01
Zhu 30-3				0.011		0.01			0.016
Zhu 24-4				0.002		0.005			0.016
Zhu 26-1				0.003		0.019			0.011
Zhu 24-6				0.004		0.01			0.021
Zhu 14-3				0.006		0.261			0.033
Zhu 19-5				0.007		0.021			0.023

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

Rare-earth elements, ppm
Sample	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
Liu-SO5301	11.4	23.9	1.73	7.3	1.6	0.77	2.12	0.32	1.92	0.36	0.94	0.14	0.8	0.11
Liu-SO5302	13.9	20.4	2.06	9.4	1.8	0.86	2.19	0.31	1.8	0.36	1.06	0.14	0.9	0.14
Zhu 30-7	40.3	164	7.08	28.7	11.9	1.67	5.91	1.01	6.03	1.12	2.79	0.4	1.56	0.3
Zhu 24-1	20.8	42.3	3.58	16.5	3.41	0.66	2.76	0.46	3.01	0.59	1.4	0.19	1.26	0.19
Zhu 24-6	21.7	54.6	3.52	14.8	3.18	0.58	2.18	0.37	2.21	0.46	1.16	0.17	1.05	0.17
Zhu 40-6	21	43.5	3.12	12.8	2.77	0.53	2.02	0.35	2.31	0.46	1.11	0.16	0.99	0.18
Zhu 14-3	26.4	86	4.04	17	4.86	1.12	3.3	0.55	3.34	0.64	1.53	0.21	1.26	0.19
Zhu 40-13	18.4	35.6	2.88	12	2.29	0.45	1.71	0.28	1.82	0.38	0.97	0.13	0.93	0.14
Zhu 40-3	23	45.4	3.9	16	3.21	0.62	2.36	0.4	2.37	0.45	1.07	0.13	0.9	0.14

Rare-earth elements, normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample	LaN	CeN	PrN	NdN	SmN	EuN	GdN	TbN	YbN	Ce/Ce*	Eu/Eu*	LaN/YbN	Ce/Ce* @Al=0	Eu/Eu* @Al=0	LaN/YbN @Al=0
Liu-SO5301	31.1	25.0	12.6	10.3	6.9	8.9	6.9	5.5	7.7	1.261	1.278	4.012
Liu-SO5302	37.9	21.3	15.0	13.2	7.8	9.9	7.2	5.3	7.3	0.893	1.324	5.218
Zhu 30-7	110	171	51.7	40.4	51.5	19.2	19.3	17.4	6.29	2.275	0.609	17.457
Zhu 24-1	56.7	44.2	26.1	23.2	14.8	7.59	9.02	7.93	5.08	1.149	0.657	11.155
Zhu 24-6	59.1	57.1	25.7	20.8	13.8	6.67	7.12	6.38	4.23	1.464	0.673	13.965
Zhu 40-6	57.2	45.5	22.8	18	12	6.09	6.6	6.03	3.99	1.259	0.685	14.334
Zhu 14-3	71.9	89.9	29.5	23.9	21	12.9	10.8	9.48	5.08	1.951	0.855	14.159
Zhu 40-13	50.1	37.2	21	16.9	9.91	5.17	5.59	4.83	3.75	1.146	0.695	13.370
Zhu 40-3	62.7	47.4	28.5	22.5	13.9	7.13	7.71	6.9	3.63	1.123	0.688	17.269

Isotopes -

Taojiang data of Okita and Shanks 1992

Meters above contact

%S ore

δ³⁴S ore, sulfide

%S host moles/kg

δ³⁴S host, sulfide

δ¹³C pdb

δ¹⁸O pdb

δ¹⁸O smow

MnO %

CO2 moles/kg

lithology

Microprobe chemistry

Dolishan

Grain 1

Grain 2

Grain 3

2.5

14.2

0.02

siliceous

1.9

0.03

2.1

-17.9

-9.7

carbonate

Mn67Ca33

Mn52Ca48

Mn100

1.68

0.07

-5.4

siliceous

0.17

2.5

carbonate

Mn74Ca26

Ca83Mn17

0.95

0.08

carbonate

Mn74Ca26

Ca83Mn17

0.5

0.03

-0.2

-10.4

-9.4

6.41

carbonate

Mn74Ca26

Ca83Mn17

0.1

0.08

24.5

carbonate

Mn100

-0.3

1.02

-28.2

-17.8

-11.5

0.98

carbonate

Ca100

-0.65

0.08

23.2

-5.8

-16.7

5.77

carbonate

Ca100

Mn57Ca43

Mn100

-1.8

0.48

22.6

-11.9

0.16

carbonate

Ca100

-2.9

0.17

21.2

0.03

siliceous

-3

0.4

-26.5

siliceous

-5

0.65

32.2

siliceous

-6.5

0.62

-29.5

-15.6

-11.4

4.3

carbonate

Ca100

-9

0.07

-28.7

siliceous

-11

0.03

-23.5

siliceous

Nanjiang

2.6

0.02

-7.6

-15

7.6

8.7

carbonate

Mn95Ca5

Mn58Ca42

Ca84Mn16

2.6

4.1

-7.1

pyrite separate

2.5

<0.01

-0.1

carbonate

Mn100

0.7

0.02

-8.6

-9.9

7.69

carbonate

Mn74Ca26

0.1

<0.01

-17.1

carbonate

Mn100

C_S data

Taojiang data of Liu (1988)

Sample Number

Lithology

TOC%

Sulfide

DOP

Total reactive Fe

FeII/

Kerogen analysis

tot react

δ13C

Yangxi Formation

DL1

gray sh

0.60

0.09

0.04

1.95

0.97

DL2

gray sh

0.52

0.08

0.05

1.33

0.45

DL3

gray sh

0.72

0.22

0.08

2.53

0.53

DL4

limestone

0.79

0.12

0.03

3.95

0.57

DL5

CALCITE

0.93

0.10

0.08

1.16

0.31

Hule Formation

DL6

black sh

3.00

2.00

0.41

4.24

0.56

0.0

3.8

1.1

-31.7

DL7

black sh

4.00

2.09

0.53

3.44

0.96

0.0

3.2

1.2

-31.9

DL7a

black sh

4.10

3.96

0.68

5.07

0.78

DL8

black sh

3.82

1.45

0.50

2.51

0.67

DL9

black sh

4.30

2.37

0.71

2.90

0.88

0.0

3.1

1.2

-32.3

Modaoxi Formation

DL10

gray sh

0.63

0.51

0.27

1.65

0.51

DL12

black sh

2.09

1.56

0.51

2.66

0.57

DL13

limestone

0.42

0.28

0.26

0.93

0.82

DLH

limestone

0.34

0.15

0.06

2.22

0.48

DL15

black sh

2.57

3.28

0.84

3.40

0.85

0.0

3.5

1.0

-31.5

DL16

Mn carbonate

0.32

0.47

0.38

1.08

0.59

DL17

Mn carbonate

0.39

0.06

0.05

1.02

0.50

DL18A

Mn carbonate

0.44

0.51

0.18

2.48

0.68

DL18B

Mn carbonate

0.46

1.00

0.30

2.87

0.70

DL19

Mn carbonate

0.75

0.21

0.05

3.80

0.49

DL20

limestone

0.71

0.13

0.02

4.96

0.67

DL21

limestone

0.76

0.12

0.04

2.69

0.59

DL22A

gray mudstone

0.87

0.06

0.02

2.51

0.65

DL22B

gray mudstone

0.42

0.05

0.01

2.76

0.67

DL23

gray mudstone

0.42

0.23

1.56

0.29

DL24

gray mudstone

0.53

0.14

0.03

4.32

0.58

Nansischong Formation

NS1

limestone

0.93

0.04

0.14

0.28

0.25

NS2

black sh

2.72

1.86

0.51

3.17

0.69

NS3

Mn carbonate

0.39

0.11

0.12

0.78

0.41

NS4

black sh

0.74

1.15

0.27

3.67

0.82

NS5

Mn carbonate

0.15

0.05

0.07

0.58

0.29

NS6

limestone

0.33

0.06

0.05

1.06

0.63

NS7

gray mudstone

0.27

0.06

0.02

3.15

0.61

NS8

gray mudstone

0.49

0.05

0.02

2.02

0.75

NS9A

black sh

1.19

0.41

0.17

2.09

0.45

NS9B

gray mudstone

0.31

0.19

0.07

2.40

0.48

NS10

black sh

1.12

0.68

0.29

2.02

0.58

NS11

black sh

0.58

0.13

0.06

1.78

0.38

NS12

Mn carbonate

0.40

0.06

0.12

0.48

0.51

NS13

limestone

0.58

0.05

0.03

1.44

0.58

Upper Modaoxi Formation

TM1

gray sh

0.67

0.03

0.01

4.40

0.53

TM2

black sh

4.29

0.04

0.93

0.76

TM3

black sh

4.70

0.14

0.19

0.66

0.59

TM4

black sh

4.69

0.17

0.34

0.43

0.56

TM5

black sh

4.56

0.08

0.26

0.28

0.68

TM6

black sh

1.63

0.07

0.05

1.18

0.27

TM7

black sh

1.01

0.05

0.02

1.67

0.07

TM8

gray sh

0.78

0.01

4.25

0.50

TM9A

gray sh

0.37

0.02

0.86

0.11

TM9B

gray sh

0.48

0.02

0.01

3.25

0.13

TM9C

gray sh

0.57

0.03

0.01

3.09

0.01

Wufen Formation

TM10

black sh

1.26

0.03

0.01

3.89

0.06

TM11

black sh

0.67

0.11

0.45

0.20

0.85

TM12

black sh

1.66

0.04

0.02

1.74

0.13

TM16

black sh

1.35

0.29

0.37

0.67

0.42

TM17

gray sh

0.99

0.05

0.12

0.38

0.13

TM18

gray sh

0.97

0.08

0.10

0.70

0.18

TML9

gray sh

0.67

0.05

0.11

0.41

0.69

ZHouJiangXi Formation

TM14

black sh

4.34

0.04

0.12

0.32

0.40

TM15

black sh

4.34

0.07

0.17

0.34

0.46

TM20

black sh

5.51

0.06

0.21

0.24

0.23

TM22

black sh

4.21

0.06

0.14

0.33

TM23

black sh

4.68

0.06

0.19

0.30

0.20

TM24

black sh

4.14

0.09

0.30

0.27

0.39

TM25

black sh

4.23

0.04

0.10

0.30

0.25

TM26

black sh

3.84

0.04

0.05

0.68

0.29

TM27

black sh

3.67

0.48

0.53

0.79

0.61

TM28

black sh

3.59

1.56

0.65

2.09

0.73

TM29

black sh

3.23

1.45

0.56

2.25

0.63

TM30

black sh

4.98

0.16

0.28

0.48

0.50

TM31

black sh

3.67

0.86

0.41

1.82

0.65

Taojiang stratigraphy