Chiatura

For additions or corrections to the data for this deposit please contact webmaster

Location - Georgia

Age (of portore) - 28 Ma

Original size - 225 million tonnes of Mn

References

Kuleshov, V.N., and Dombrovskaya, Zh.V., 1997, Manganese deposits of Georgia: Communication 1. Geological features and isotopic composition of carbonate manganese ore from the Chiatura and Kvirila deposits : Lithology and Mineral Resources, v. 32, p. 249-267.

Varentsov, I.M., and Rakhmanov, V.P., 1980, Manganese deposits of the USSR (a review), in Varentsov, I.M., and Grasselly, Gy., eds., Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese: Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, v. 2, p. 319-392.

 

Major Elements, oxide percent

 

 

 

%
%
%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%
ppm

MnO

 

MnO2

 

MnOtot

 

Fe2O3tot

 

SiO2

 

Al2O3

 

CaO

 

MgO

 

K2O

 

Na2O

 

TiO2

 

P2O5

 

LOI

 

Ba

 
average carbonate
32.5
1.7
32.7
2.6
14.7
2.9
11.0
2.4
0.5
0.4
0.2
2.5
30.9
 163
average
oxide
27.8
24.5
47.7
1.8
15.7
3.4
4.3
2.2
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
18.1
 1922
K-044 carbonate 50.3 50.3 4.11 3.45 1.18 2.87 1.79 0.19 0.2 0.1 35.8
D-024 carbonate 49.1 49.1 0.15 4.05 1.44 3.39 1.15 0.2 0.06 39.7 8
K-064 carbonate 45.3 45.3 1.72 3.36 0.5 10.75 1.5 0.15 0.24 36.1
D-020 carbonate 37.9 37.9 0.74 13.31 2.97 7.81 2.36 0.49 0.28 0.12 31.5 13
I-145 carbonate 35.1 1.0 36.0 7.22 1.87 14.15 2.1 0.27 0.15 36.1 27
I-144 carbonate 34.6 34.6 1.21 3.93 1.24 20.64 1.62 0.17 0.16 35.5 9
K-025 carbonate 34.5 34.5 3.7 14.82 3.44 7.88 2.58 0.5 0.59 0.23 31.8
I-147 carbonate 33.6 33.6 0.48 7.52 2.23 17.71 1.68 0.29 0.19 35.4 36
K-026 carbonate 32.6 32.6 2.88 15.37 4.07 7.82 3.71 0.75 0.74 0.27 0.15 30.9
K-079 carbonate 32.5 32.5 4.84 9.03 2.52 11.65 4.28 0.46 0.52 0.15 33.6
D-109 carbonate 31.9 2.2 33.6 0.67 16.63 0.62 10 4.9 0.15 0.11 30.9 645
K-062 carbonate 30.7 30.7 3.36 11.01 3.91 12.88 2.87 0.42 0.63 33.5
D-108 carbonate 30.6 1.9 32.1 1.13 23.8 3.2 7.15 2.17 0.46 0.43 27.3 269
K-034-2 carbonate 29.5 29.5 1.59 18.81 3.46 12.47 1.18 0.67 0.82 0.22 5.57 24.8
D-019 carbonate 28.1 28.1 2.75 20.1 2.98 12.08 2.21 0.72 0.23 0.12 27.7 385
D-017 carbonate 27.2 27.2 0.35 19.54 2.24 15.49 1.9 0.43 0.23 0.12 30.3 73
K-081 carbonate 26.3 26.3 3.48 18.18 4.31 13.18 2.1 0.57 0.7 0.18 3.24 26.6
K-059 carbonate 25.9 25.9 3.29 19.43 4.1 12.77 2.37 0.56 0.69 5.53 24.9
K-054 carbonate 24.3 24.3 2.92 30.8 2.51 9.46 1.94 0.35 0.53 0.13 0.78 25.7
K-087 carbonate 21.7 21.7 4.56 26.16 6.16 9.83 2.95 1.2 1.05 0.27 0.28 25.3
K-084 carbonate 20.5   20.5 7.74 21.9 5.08 11.67 3.29 0.87 0.86 0.22 1.82 25.8  
K-060 carbonate-clay 7.9 7.9 4.5 45.5 8.89 7.12 2.5 2.09 1.72 0.61 2.63 16.4
I-149 carbonate-oxide 29.6 26.1 51.0 1.14 10.69 3.64 6.29 1.35 0.4 0.16 20.9 48
D-023 carbonate-oxide 26.0 29.3 50.0 1.62 12.74 3.43 4.59 1.01 0.56 0.24 15.7 2419
D-028 carbonate-oxide 24.8 22.2 43.0 1.6 18.61 5.99 6.27 1.2 0.72 1.32 0.12 16.1 1066
D-027a carbonate-oxide 24.7 37.9 55.7 0.74 9.37 2.38 11.69 0.8 0.37 0.2 19.1 1577
K-061 clay-carbonate 21.8 21.8 7.56 24.41 6.58 6.33 3.39 1.35 1.09 0.48 2.05 24.2
K-069 goethite-carbonate 15.6 15.6 19.28 27.52 6.92 5.1 2.57 1.21 1.29 0.4 19.5
K-049-1 goethite-clay 4.1 4.1 28.66 38.73 2.12 2.07 1.91 1.69 0.38 0.23 11.1
K-052 goethite-clay 3.9 3.9 21.72 45.2 8.74 3 2.03 1.66 1.7 0.3 0.22 11.5
K-042 neotocite 29.5 3.8 32.6 4.02 28.38 6.14 2.25 7.6 0.5 0.75 0.35 1.35 15.5
K-043 neotocite 25.9 3.0 28.4 5.08 28.36 8.5 0.87 8.75 0.32 0.85 0.54 17.7
L-085 neotocite-carbonate 31.8 31.8 4.98 24.03 6.98 5.26 3.42 0.9 1.09 0.31 0.32 20.3
K-063 neotocite-carbonate 27.7 27.7 4.2 15.68 4.74 11.42 3.4 0.67 0.85 0.4 29.9
K-049-2 neotocite-carbonate 22.6 22.6 10.95 21.31 9.38 3.42 0.83 0.9 0.43 25.6
I-153k opal-carbonate 28.7 1.3 29.7 0.59 23.42 3.53 7.9 8.8 0.71 0.29 27.9 152
D-026 opal-carbonate 23.6 23.6 0.58 36.67 4.37 5.97 1.18 0.74 0.36 0.12 22.6 18
K-027 opal-carbonate 23.2 23.2 2.9 33.9 3.56 8.26 1.95 0.78 0.86 0.23 0.16 23.5
K-074 opal-carbonate 22.0 22.0 7.42 30.53 3.43 7.07 2.6 0.46 0.56 0.18 25.1
K-050-2 opal-carbonate 17.5 17.5 3.09 37.5 7.94 6.2 3.23 1.47 1.63 0.6 0.38 19.9
I-150 opal-carbonate 16.4 16.4 1.45 41.13 7.69 8.74 1.75 1.43 0.64 0.29 18.9 152
K-024 opal-clay 0.1 0.1 4.96 60.22 10.86 1.75 2.25 2.63 1.96 0.55 0.15 8.6
K-068 opal-glauconite 1.5 1.5 6.28 56.49 13.72 5.44 2.4 3.35 2.2 0.48 1.46 5.8
K-053 opal-glauconite 0.6 0.6 6 60 9.5 1.7 1.18 2.34 2.19 0.44 0.2 8.7
K-048-1 opal-glauconite 0.3 0.3 9.74 58.89 12.26 1.48 3.49 3.25 2.44 0.3 1.3 9.8
K-048-2 opal-glauconite 0.3 0.3 14.88 52.3 10.14 1.78 3.67 2.47 2.07 0.71 0.41 10.6
K-066 opal-glauconite 0.1 0.1 9.43 61.93 9.78 1.94 2.32 2.67 1.68 0.46 0.47 8.5
K-045 opal-glauconite 0.0 0.0 7.28 68.24 9.12 0.86 1.88 2.32 1.56 0.72 0.3 7.1
K-034-1 phosphorite 3.0 3.0 1.4 4.59 1.02 52.2 0.52 0.41 1.14 0.15 25.81 9.7
I-155 sandstone 8.5 8.5 1.66 59.42 8.27 5.41 1.72 1.91 0.85 0.39 10.9 278
K-055 sandstone 0.4 0.4 1.59 84.69 3.49 1.07 0.88 0.55 0.57 0.14 0.19 3.3
K-039 oxide 42.6 25.9 63.8 0.9 10.83 1.85 0.32 1.39 0.019 0.4 0.18 14.7
K-037 oxide 38.0 26.1 59.3 2.78 16.53 4.07 0.14 3.61 0.04 0.3 0.25 7.0
I-153m oxide 26.3 30.1 50.8 3.08 18.9 3.3 0.87 0.87 0.61 0.18 11.5 2778
D-022 oxide 4.3 61.0 54.0 0.91 15.86 2.74 3.74 0.56 0.47 0.2 7.9 1066
K-072 oxide-carbonate 36.2 7.6 42.4 1.26 7.15 1.96 8.71 2.89 0.51 0.47 32.4
K-070 oxide-carbonate 31.5 12.3 41.6 1.88 13.11 3.29 6.52 2.53 0.52 0.73 27.0
K-051 oxide-carbonate 27.7 22.6 46.1 0.98 12.08 3.14 7.25 2.6 0.46 0.43 0.06 0.13 22.9
K-050-1 oxide-carbonate 15.7 10.0 23.9 2.66 31.02 6.46 6.58 3.49 1.33 1.28 0.25 0.22 21.1  
Key to locations of samples
D Darkveti Highland
I Itkhvisi highland
K Kvrila
C Cholaburi
R Rodinauli

Trace elements (only Ba reported)

No rare-earth elements reported

 

Stable Isotopes - Oxygen and Carbon

 

 

    
Calcite
Rhodochrosite
Sample No.

Type

 

MnO

 

δ13CPDB

 

δ18OSMOW

 

δ13CPDB

 

δ18OSMOW

 
Average type I dark gray cryptocrystalline
-12.4
27.6
-13.6
27.0
Average type II Light gray crystalline 
-12.4
24.2
-9.5
26.0
Average type III ooids
-16.0
23.3
-17.6
26.0
Average type IV veinlets
-20.5
26.0
-20.8
25.7
Average type V cement to oxide ore
-15.7
21.0
-14.2
24.5
Average primary (I, II, III)  
-13.6
25.0
-13.6
26.4
D-026
I
-7.7
26.0
D-1047
I
-9.0
26.7
I-146
I
-9.1
27.8
D-1136
I
-9.6
28.9
-9.6
28.1
I-144
I
-9.6
27.2
D-020
I
-9.8
28.1
D-1126
I
-10.2
27.0
I-152
I
-10.2
27.4
C-64-1
I
45.3
-8.0
29.8
-11.0
27.8
I-147
I
-10.7
27.9
-11.4
27.4
I-145
I
-10.7
28.6
-11.5
27.8
R-87-1
I
21.6
-11.5
28.7
D-1123
I
-12.2
28.5
D-1117
I
-11.2
26.9
-12.3
26.3
R-26-1
I
32.6
-13.1
24.9
C-34-2
I
29.5
-13.1
26.3
D-1059
I
-18.8
24.1
-13.8
26.4
R-81-1
I
26.3
-12.9
29.3
-14.0
28.6
R-74-1
I
22.0
-14.1
25.8
D-1130
I
-19.9
28.6
-15.3
28.3
D-1057
I
-15.5
26.6
D-019
I
-16.3
26.8
D-1879
I
-16.6
27.1
R-25-1
I
34.5
-17.1
26.3
R-84-1
I
20.4
-15
24.6
-18.7
26.3
C-63-2
I
27.7
-7.3
27.6
-19.2
25.4
D-108
I
-24.7
26.2
D-1875
I
-25.7
26.3
C-60-2
II
7.87
-2.3
27.5
C-65
II
-3.3
27.0
R-85-2
II
31.8
-3.6
23.0
R-70-2
II
31.5
-3.7
22.2
C-64-2
II
45.3
-0.9
24.8
-3.7
27.6
R-69-2
II
15.6
-4.2
21.1
C-34-1
II
2.96
-4.2
23.9
R-27-1
II
34.5
-4.9
28.4
R-27-2
II
23.1
-5.4
29.8
C-61-2
II
21.8
-5.4
26.1
R-49-2
II
22.6
-5.6
28.3
R-25-2
II
-3.7
23.8
-5.6
22.2
R-79-2
II
32.4
-6.6
23.8
R-54
II
24.2
-6.7
22.7
-6.6
28.1
R-53
II
-7.2
22.2
R-51-2
II
27.6
-7.1
23.6
-7.2
26.6
R-72-2
II
36.1
-7.5
27.1
C-59-2
II
25.9
-8.1
28.1
C-44-2
II
50.3
-8.4
24.9
R-74-2
II
22.0
-0.5
24.9
-10.7
25.4
I-144
II 
16.9
27.8
D-1093
II 
-17.2
24.5
15.6
25.7
I-152
II 
-8.6
27.9
D-1047
II 
-15.4
22.3
-8.9
26.2
I-153
II 
-8.9
27.4
I-156
II 
-9.0
27.8
I-154
II 
-9.7
27.5
I-150
II 
-10.3
27.3
I-155
II 
-10.3
27.6
D-1136
II 
-13:0
23.7
-10.9
28
D-1888
II 
-13.3
21.1
I-149
II 
-13.8
27.9
I-146
II 
-14.1
27.5
D-020
II 
-14.5
28.2
D-1141
II 
-15.2
22.1
-15.7
24
I-145
II 
-14.8
28.1
-15.8
27.9
I-147
II 
-13.6
25.9
-16.3
27.6
D-1889
II 
-16.5
20.6
D-109
II 
-17.9
23
-17.2
26.2
I-148
II 
-17.7
25.4
-17.5
27.4
D-018
II 
-18.4
25.9
D-031
II 
-20.5
27.2
-18.6
28.2
D-1056
II 
-18.7
25.2
D-1076
II 
-23
22.3
-18.9
23.4
D-017
II 
-20.3
26.4
D-108
II 
  
-31.6
26.3
D-024
II 
-33.3
27.3
D-1143
III 
-10.8
19.6
-9.5
18.9
D-026
III 
-10.6
22
D-1136
III 
-14.5
19.1
-11.6
26.4
D-1896
III 
-11.8
27
D-1901
III 
-12.8
30.5
D-1900
III 
-14
29.7
D-1872-
III 
-15.6
26.8
I-147
III 
-14.2
27
-15.7
27.2
I-145
III 
-15.7
28.3
-16.3
28
I-144
III 
-15.1
28.8
-16.7
27.4
D-020
III 
-17
25.8
D-1873
III 
-17
24.1
D-1893
III 
-17.7
26.1
D-1871
III 
-20.4
28.4
D-1126
III 
-25.7
20.1
-24
21
D-1109
III 
-35.4
27
D-1870-
III 
  
-20..7
20.2
D-1130
IV 
-18.7
28.6
-12.4
27.5
D-1063
IV 
-16.9
25.1
-12.9
26.3
D-1093
IV 
-16.1
25.3
D-1109
IV 
-17.3
25.4
-18.6
25.3
D-1059
IV 
-21.8
20
-20.5
19.3
D-031
IV 
-19.5
28.7
-21.4
28.9
D-1068
IV 
-21.8
25.6
-23
26.3
D-024
IV 
-19.5
27
-31.1
26.5
D-017
IV 
-30
27.5
-31.9
26.3
D-1146
IV 
  
-19
26.6
I-1083
V
-8.3
26.5
I-153
V
-9.3
27.1
D-028
V
-9.6
26.6
D-275
V
-11.2
27.3
-16.1
24.8
D-1892
V
-16.7
21.4
D-1894
V
-19.1
22
D-023
V
-20.6
23.4
D-1880
V
-17.4
18.8
D-18901
V
-16.5
17.5
D-1890
V
-16.3
18.5
D-1891
V
  
-17.3
23

 

Stable Isotopes - Sulfur

 
Sample No.

Type

 

δ34SCDT

 
Average pyrite  
0.79
Average barite  
17.5
D-1877 Pyrite from carbonate ore
-19.0
D-1052 Pyrite from carbonate ore -17.2
D-1878 Pyrite from carbonate ore -16.0
D-1047 Pyrite from carbonate ore -15.0
D-1141 Pyrite from carbonate ore -10.9
D-1874b Pyrite from carbonate ore -6.8
D-1109 Pyrite from carbonate ore 2.0
D-1872c Pyrite from carbonate ore 4.4
D-1970c Pyrite from carbonate ore 4.5
D-1107 Pyrite from carbonate ore 7.2
D-1076 Pyrite from carbonate ore 9.8
I-144 Pyrite from carbonate ore 10.6
D-1871c Pyrite from carbonate ore 23.3
K-1857b Pyrite from carbonate ore 38.2
K-1867c Pyrite from oolitic manganese ore 17.8
K-1863b Pyrite from oxide ore -20.3
D-027a Secondary barite from cavities in carbonate-oxide ore -4.9
D-023 Secondary barite from cavities in carbonate-oxide ore 3.0
D-1107 Secondary barite from cavities in carbonate-oxide ore 24.0
D-1076 Secondary barite from cavities in carbonate-oxide ore 24.2
D-1056 Secondary barite from cavities in carbonate-oxide ore 41.2
D-1117 Secondary gypsum 2.5
D-1145 Secondary gypsum 7.9